The New Testament presents self‑denial as an identity reality, not an act of emotional surrender. Jesus and Paul describe discipleship as living from the new identity given by the Spirit rather than the old identity shaped by sin.
Identity refers to the unique traits, qualities, beliefs, and experiences that define a person or group, creating a sense of self (personal identity) or distinguishing them within a larger context.
Something supernatural occurs when we believe, we are born of the Spirit. This new birth shifts our identity from being of the flesh and the world to being partakers of God's divine nature and Spirit. Though a new creation spiritually we still live in a body of death and carnality. We do not know as we are known, thus our identity is shaped by transformation, the renewing of the mind, so we walk like the new creation we are inwardly.
The language used in scripture is not surrender, but present your body or members unto righteousness, that in which sin dwells as a living sacrifice, this is your reasonable service (Romans 12:1-2). The surrendering (if we use that word) is of the old self and its identity, take it off and put on the new, created in God's likeness (Ephesians 4:22-24).
The Biblical Language of Self‑Denial
Jesus teaches self‑denial in Matthew 16:24: “If anyone would come after Me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow Me.” The verb “deny” (ἀπαρνέομαι) means to renounce or disown. In context of scripture it refers to refusing to live from the old identity. Paul uses similar identity language in Ephesians 4:22–24, instructing believers to “put off the old man” and “put on the new man.”
The Old Man and the New Man
Paul explains in Romans 7:18–23 that sin dwells in the flesh. In Romans 8:1–13, he teaches that the Spirit gives a new way of life. The old man is tied to the flesh; the new man is tied to the Spirit. Following Jesus is learning to walk according to the Spirit rather than the flesh.
How Self‑Denial Happens
Self‑denial is not achieved by a persons willpower. It happens when the believer sees the worth of following Christ, the truth and revelation of their new identity, and choose to live from that new identity. You will know the truth and the truth will see you free...
Paul describes much of who we are in Ephesians 1 and Romans 8. The key to maturity is knowing the truth and the end goal is that we walk in it as Jesus did in this world. The mind needs to become like the mind of Christ, or the new mind of the Spirit, so Paul in Ephesians 4:23 and Romans 12:2 states the mind needs transformation, renewal.
In 2 Corinthians 3:18, Paul states believers are transformed by beholding the glory of the Lord. The glory of God, which shines in the face of Jesus, transforms us from glory to glory, as we behold Jesus, in whom all the promises of God are yes and amen.
Why Jesus Calls Some “Workers of Lawlessness”
In Matthew 7:21–23, Jesus warns that some who perform religious works will be rejected because their actions did not flow from relationship or transformation. They did mighty works in His name, they cast out demons, and prophesied but Jesus said they were workers of lawlessness.
Following Jesus is validated not by activity, but by being known by Christ and this knowledge of Jesus transforms so that we reflect his image of truth and love. Jesus said, we are known as his disciples by our love for one another. God exists love, and love is fulfillment of the commandments, and obedience is equated to following Jesus and his commands, and he commands us to love one another his brethren, and this is how we have confidence on the day of judgment because we love his children, we know and walk like Jesus in this world.
The Effects of Grace
We are sons of obedience because Jesus was obedient, once and for all, redeeming, forging our sin and making us alive. Contrast this to the sons of disobedience who are dead in their trespasses and sin (Ephesians 2:1-6). Not through the Law will we rule over sin, but through growing in grace and knowledge of Jesus.
Summary
Self‑denial is identity alignment. It is the refusal to live from the old self and the decision to live from the new self given by the Spirit. Transformation flows from seeing Christ, valuing Christ, and becoming like Christ, walking in the Spirit.